Depression Drug Reduces Joint Pain for Women with Early Stage Breast Cancer

Aromatase Inhibitor joint pain can be managed with anti-inflammatory medications, exercise and Duloxetine.

Author:
CancerConnect
Updated:
Apr 26, 2022
Original:
Aug 27, 2018

Aromatase Inhibitor joint pain can be managed with anti-inflammatory medications, exercise and Duloxetine.

by Dr. C.H. Weaver updated 4/2022

A drug typically used to treat depression and anxiety can significantly reduce joint pain in postmenopausal women being treated for early stage breast cancer, according to new SWOG research to be presented Friday at a special plenary presentation at the San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium.

Tens of thousands of postmenopausal women each year are treated with aromatase inhibitors (AIs), pills that stop the production of estrogen and essentially starve hormone receptor-positive breast cancer cells. Many women – as many as 50 percent – experience joint pain and stiffness as a side effect of AI therapy. About 20 percent experience significant pain. This can affect knees, hips, hands, and wrists, and make it difficult for women to walk, climb stairs, do simple tasks like type, or sit for an extended period of time.

The typical symptoms are morning stiffness and joint discomfort can occur in various sites, including hands, knees, back, hips, and shoulders. Arthralgia has been observed to begin appearing at approximately 2 months after the start of treatment and to peak at around the 6-month mark, but it can appear up to 2 years after initiation of therapy. The resolution of joint pain appears to begin around the 6-month mark from the onset of therapy, improving in at least 50% of patients. By 18 months, 75% of the patients in the ATAC trial experienced significant amelioration of their symptoms

Carpal Tunnel Syndrome

Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is a condition in which the median nerve is compressed, leading to pain and muscle weakness in the fingers and hand. Aromatase inhibitors lead to profound estrogen suppression and may be expected to increase the risk of CTS in postmenopausal women receiving adjuvant therapy for early breast cancer.

In a large clinical trial the incidence of CTS was reported to be 2.6% with an AI compared to 0.7% for tamoxifen. The majority of CTS was of mild to moderate intensity and occurred early. None of the women stopped treatment medication as a result of CTS.³

Management of AI Associated Joint Pain

To control the discomfort, acetaminophen alone can often be effective. If not, Ibuprofen or other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs can be added for continued pain. Weight loss and a regular exercise program have also been shown to reduce AI associated joint pain.²

Duloxetine

Researchers funded by the National Cancer Institute (NCI), conducted a randomized, placebo-controlled trial to test whether duloxetine, a depression and anxiety drug, could alleviate pain caused by aromatase inhibitors, a common breast cancer treatment that’s particularly effective with postmenopausal women.

Dr. N. Lynn Henry led the clinical trial, called S1202. A SWOG investigator from Huntsman Cancer Institute at the University of Utah and co-chair of SWOG’s symptom control and quality of life committee, Henry wanted to conduct the study because it addressed a common problem for women with breast cancer.

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Henry said some women stop taking their medication to get relief. The pain is so common it has a name: AI-Associated Musculoskeletal Syndrome (AIMSS).

“A lot of 60-year-old women report feeling like they’re 80,” Henry said. “The pain can really interfere with daily life. And this is a big problem. The length of treatment with AIs can be five to 10 years, so we’re asking a lot of women to manage significant discomfort for a very long period of time.”

While clinical trials have shown that acupuncture and exercise can reduce symptoms of AIMSS, there is no evidence for an effective solution for all women. Henry and her team chose to test duloxetine, a drug commonly sold as Cymbalta by original maker Eli Lilly and Company. Duloxetine is primarily used to treat depression and anxiety, and also fibromyalgia and nerve pain caused by diabetes.

SWOG researchers enrolled 299 adult patients to S1202 at 43 institutions throughout the NCI’s National Cancer Trials Network (NCTN) and the NCI Community Oncology Research Program (NCORP). Those 299 patients were randomly assigned to either receive duloxetine or a placebo for 12 weeks. They filled out a questionnaire upon enrolling, and again at two, six, 12 and 24 weeks into the study. Questions focused on pain, rated on a 0-10 scale, and also on depression and quality of life.

Results showed that patients taking duloxetine saw their average pain drop on the scale from 5.5 to about 3. Improvement was rapid, and relief persisted through the end of the 12-week trial. Improvement in pain was also seen in the placebo arm of the trial, suggesting a robust placebo effect.

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